Jupiter

Ptolemy, in Ashmand's 1822 translation, reasons from position: this planet moves between the cold of Saturn and the burning of Mars, so its nature comes out temperate, warm and moist. That is why he calls it benefic, a word that in his scheme describes a mix of qualities. Lilly 1659 gives its circuit as twelve years, about one year in each sign, so classmates often share it.

Its houses are Sagittarius and Pisces, with the exaltation in Cancer and the fall in Capricorn, and Lilly adds detriment in Gemini and Virgo. Ptolemy explains the Cancer exaltation by saying the planet is most northerly there and stirs fertile north winds. Pisces is also claimed for Neptune by some later writers, and that argument is on the Pisces page.

A Fortune still has a shadow in the older books. Lilly lists a well-placed Jupiter as just and charitable and an ill-placed one as a wastrel who is easily cheated. Modern popular astrology speaks of growth and optimism, and it rarely mentions the wastrel.